Top 10 Authorized and Unauthorized Books on Bill Gates

Gender Roles African Americans - 2913 Words

Abstract Over the last one hundred and thirty years African Americans have little by little-gained freedom for themselves as slaves and domestic servants. Now as a culture they are legally capable of obtaining jobs and positions in all areas of private and public organizations, (Hayes, A. F., Preacher, K. J., 2010). This particular ethnic group are known to be instrumental in holding their cultures together through times of constant struggle. They have used rallies, protests, silent marches and received help from volunteer organizations to fight for rights as well as obtain justice in a racist and sexist society. This work explores the troubles African Americans face in Americas society today, through stereotypes and how gender roles as African Americans differ from each other as well as the American population. Gender roles describe the normative expectations of a culture group regarding the position that both sexes should hold in society. It also refers to the division of labor tasks, differences in behaviors, preferences, abilities; personalities that society expects of specific genders, (Kaiser, C. R., Miller, C. T. 2009). It concerns the processes of how gender roles socialize and interact with each other in society as a whole and as an individual, (Stockard Johnson, 1980; Thomas, 1986). Gender role deals with identity and at times are conceptualized as the acceptance and identification with social roles and behaviors associated withShow MoreRelatedFilm Review : Django Unchained997 Words   |  4 PagesUnchained†, a film written in a directed by Quentin Tarantino, is a film that represents race, gender and sexuality in many ways throughout the movie. to start I want to begin with the films representation of race and ethnicity since the entire movie is about slavery. Aside from the twisted humor that is often found within Tarantino’s movies, Django Unchained provides a dark and gloomy reality for African Americans during the year 1858. during this time slavery in the south would be at its peak, becauseRead MoreTraditional Gender Roles During The United States835 Words   |  4 PagesSarah (1998) examined traditional gender roles among men and women in the United States as well as in Mexico. The study revealed distinct differences between traditional gender roles perceptions held by Americans and Mexicans. The authors state that family settings in Mexico have been characterized by a dominance of the husband. The women are expected to make sacrifices for the sake of their families. They engage in household chores while the men are tasked with the role of providing income to the familyRead MoreAfrican American Women Have A Long History Of Being Political Activists958 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican American women have a long history of being political activists. African American foremothers, such as: Frances E.W. Harper, Maria Stewart, Sarah Mapps Douglass, Sarah Parker Remond, Harriet Jacobs, Mary Ann Shadd Cary, and Ida B. Wells wer e fighting for racial, social, and gender equality since slavery and the Emancipation Proclamation. Whether it is in print culture or in public culture African American women have continuously protested the treatment of African Americans and women inRead MoreGender Labeling And Gender Stereotypes1551 Words   |  7 PagesBeliefs about the typical attributes of males and females are Gender Stereotypes (Deaux Kite, 1993). Gender labeling is frequently used in global broadcasting to boost characteristics of how a certain people; those in control of the broadcast- view gender roles and how they want society to view them also. Stereotyping is prevalent in popular television shows, music videos, the workforce and various other advertisement billboards in the U.S. It is difficult to oppose the stereotypical behavior thatRead MoreCommunication Between African American Mothers and Their Daughters1740 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican American Mothers and Their Daughters Introduction A girls communication and relationship with her mother are influential to her development and well-being. Communication between mother and daughter entails sending, receiving and comprehending each other intended message. According to Belgrave (2009), majority of girls report positive relationships with their mothers. Most girls learn from their mothers. This is because mothers teach and socialize with their daughters regarding any facetRead MoreThe Role Of Family, Religion, And Family Shape The Experiences Of Young Black Men892 Words   |  4 PagesBalaji, A. B., Oster, A. M., Viall, A. H., Heffelfinger, J. D., Mena, L. A., Toledo, C. A. (2012). Role flexing: How community, religion, and family shape the experiences of young black men who have sex with men. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 26(12), 73-737. This journal article explores the role that family, religion and the African American community plays on the experiences of young black men who have sex with other men through in-depth interviews. Interviews were conducted from sixteen participantsRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Analysis1126 Words   |  5 PagesMayella Ewell is an abused young woman in Maycomb, Alabama who accused an African American man Tom Robinson of rape during the Great Depression in the early 1930’s. Mayella took advantage of the Jim Crow laws so she could end the mental and physical abuse her father caused. Since Mayella is white and female, she has power. Although she lives behind a dumpster this still provides a significant amount of power for her. In the book â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† Harper Lee shows Mayella’s power for class duringRead MoreDiscrimination, Anti Feminism, And Gender Inequality1455 Words   |  6 Pagesand Gender Inequality In Films Women power has increased throughout the 20th and 21st century by means of statutory laws, legislative ascending, and Civil Rights Movements. Gender and race has been the target of numerous discriminatory laws that have persisted throughout time. Two major films have portrayed the endurance of women on issues of gender discrimination and discriminatory laws. The Color Purple, based on the same novel by Alice Walker, discusses the suffering of African American womenRead MoreThe Importance Of Cultural History On Culture1294 Words   |  6 Pagescustoms, values, and lifestyles of their culture (Thompson Hickey, 1994). African-Americans are considered a subculture. African Americans are interwoven from a wide-range of diverse cultures and countries in Africa, the Caribbean and South and Central America. They have a rich history of enslavement, oppression, migration, and discrimination which has led to the strong adhesiveness of the African heritage. The African-American culture in th e United States is one of uniqueness, rich history, and distinctionRead MoreEffects Of Socialization1676 Words   |  7 Pagesfeelings, and behaviors related to socialization and a persons’ position in society. The most important agents are our families, schools, and peers (Rohall 167). We receive most of our socialization from these agents. We are socialized into our race, gender, and class throughout our lives. Different studies examine the different ways we are socialized into these groups and how this socialization at an early age affects the individuals’ lives as adults. Race is one way that we distinguish ourselves

Connector Free Essays

This is most easily seen in chapter seven when Greened stumbles upon a dragon guarding a large pile of gold and gems. The dragon proceeds to give Greened advice and discuss the habits of, not only Greened himself, but also the humans. The dragon very clearly views himself as wiser and superior to humans and Greened. We will write a custom essay sample on Connector or any similar topic only for you Order Now Let’s face it, we all have that one classmate who thinks he knows absolutely everything and is not afraid to let us Inferior students know about It. The dragon reminds me of a know-it-all student, or maybe even an older selling- someone who has been praised for knowing so much that they assume they know everything, I read somewhere Greened Is supposed to be a descendant of Cain (from the book of Genesis). I do not know what you have to mix In down that line to get whatever Greened Is supposed to be, but I don’t think I want to know. The theory that Greened Is a descendant of Cain makes a lot of sense. I feel that in a lot of way Greened represents several things that are wrong with the world and with society. The selfishness and the â€Å"every man for himself’ mentality are factor notorious for getting people in trouble even today. Grenade’s mother reminds me of a drug-addicted parent. She is unable to be there very much for her son, but she obviously still cares and comes running whenever he needs her most. How to cite Connector, Papers

Karl Marx Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Karl Marx Persuasive Essay Karl MarxKarl Marx was a German scholar who lived in the nineteenth century. Hespent most of his life studying, thinking and writing about history andeconomics. A many years of study, much of it spent in England, he believedthat he understood more deeply than anyone who had ever lived before himwhy there is injustice i world. He said that all injustice and inequality is a result of oneunderlying conflict in society. He called it a class struggle, that is,a conflict bet the class of people who can afford to own money- producingbusinesses, whom he called capitalists or the bourgeosie, and theclass of people who do not surplus money to buy businesses and who aretherefore forced to work for wage whom he called workers. Marx said that, because it was always in the economic interest ofcapita to take advantage of or exploit workers, nothing could persuadecapitalists change their ways. In other words, peaceful progess towardequality and social justice was impossible. The only way to establishjustice, he said, was for t workers to overthrow the capitalists by meansof violent revolution. He urged workers around the world to revolt againsttheir rulers. Workers of the world unite! he wrote. You have nothing tolose but your chains.Another thing Marx taught was that organized religion, the churches,help capitalists to keep the workers quiet and obedient. Religion,according to Mar the opiate of the masses. The church tells workingpeople to forget about the injustice they meet in their lives and to thinkinstead of how wonderful it will in the after- life when they go to heaven. Marx, with his colleague, Engels, spread his ideas in two famousbooks, Capital and The Communist Manifesto. In the early years of the twentieth century, Russia was ready for theide Marx. The Russian people were extremely discontented with their ruler,Tsar Nicholas II, who had little interest in governing and was neglectingthe count badly. Making conditions even more miserable for the people werethe hardships the First World War and a particularly cold winter. By 1917, the Russian people were desperate enough to accept arevolution. fact, they got two for the price of one, the first in Marchwhen the Tsar was deposed and a provisional government was set up. Then inNovember a political called the Bolsheviks led a further rebellion whichousted the provisional government. The leaders of the Bolsheviks, Lenin andTrotsky, began to build a Russia, one built on the ideas of Marx, whereeveryone was equal, where all property was owned by the people ratherthan by capitalists and where the two were in control of the government. Not long afterward, Communist Russia was attacked by Britain, Americaand France, who wanted to get rid of the communist government. They wereafraid the workers in their own countries might be inspired to imitate theexample of Rus Trotsky, a highly intelligent and energetic communistleader, led the defence Russia with great success. After Lenins death in 1924, a power struggle began between Trotskyand a leader within the Communist Party named Stalin. While Trotsky was abrilliant intellectual and an idealist, Stalin was a simpler, quieter sortof person, who based his power not so much on plans and ideas as onalliances with other member of the Communist Party. While Trotsky believedin Russias trying to assist two all over the world to rise up in communistrevolutions against their bosses, S wanted Russia to take care of its ownbusiness. The rivalry between the two leaders went on for several years. .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae , .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae .postImageUrl , .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae , .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae:hover , .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae:visited , .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae:active { border:0!important; } .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae:active , .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u295a5863bc28b1b5ed5a8d27050a50ae:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Passion and Revenge in The White Devil EssayEventually 1929 Stalin gained the upper hand and drove Trotsky from Russia. Stalin later up a scheme to industrialize the backward country which hecalled the Five-Yea Plan. It included a number of Trotskys ideas whichStalin had previously opposed. As Russia developed under Stalin, members of the Communist Party tookfor themselves many privileges. All the original communist ideals of Marxreceived service, but it became clearer and clearer that members of theCommunist Party becoming a ruling class that was not equal to non-members. Most important of all to Stalin was ensuring that he remained inpower. H often used the most brutal tactics. Chief among his creations weretwo highly effective political weapons an efficient propaganda machinewhich more and m promoted the idea of Stalin as a great, nearly god-likeleader, and a secret p force which kept the country quiet through the useof terror. At one point during his rule,

Concepts in Strategic Management and Business Policy

Reading the first four chapters in the book Concepts in Strategic Management and Business Policy by Thomas L. Wheelen, where many important issues are discussed, it comes to my mind that strategic management is an essential part of any business process. First of all, the book dwells upon the importance of strategic management as an essential part of company functioning.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Concepts in Strategic Management and Business Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Defining strategic management as â€Å"a set of managerial decisions and actions that determines the long-run performance of a corporation† (Wheelen, 2010, p. 5), it is possible to stress the following issues which I consider as the most crucial in this reading, (1) assistance of strategic management in environment protection, (2) help of strategic management in mission creation, (3) support strategic management s preads on the social responsibilities the corporation should have, and (4) great role of strategic management in encouraging ethical behavior. These four issues discussed in the book are the most important, as for me, as each of these aspects touches not only business aspects but social issues as well. Ecological situation is complicated in the modern world and the assistance of the strategic management in this issue is helpful for the whole mankind. Company mission is the way how the company is going to meet social requirements and correlate those to the company purposes. Social responsibility of the company guarantees meeting the norms established by the government and supported by the society. Finally, the ethical behavior is essential in the modern world and the role of strategic management in this problem remains important. Taking any international organization, it is possible to see the implementation of the mentioned issues there. For example, Coca Cola is an international le ader in producing beverages. According to Coca Cola FESMA Sustainability Report (2011), the company supports environment in renewing the amount of water the company uses for producing its beverages and deals with water cleaning procedures. Moreover, recycling and replenishing water supplies are the main aspects in company strategic management. Coca Cola supports reforestation and protection of biodiversity programs. The mission of the Coca Cola Company is announced in almost each advertising campaign, which is to make the world fresher by means of making people happier; the company is interested in helping people make a difference. Social responsibility and ethical behavior are the core aspects of human resource management in Coca Cola as such corporation cannot function without these issues.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dealing with strategic management, the e xamples and issues discussed above are the results of the strategic decision making which is an inevitable part of any management process. Strategic decisions â€Å"deal with the long-run future of an entire organization and have three characteristics† (Wheelen, 2010, p. 25) such as rareness due to unusual and complicated processes which result in making such a decision, consequential nature which is reflected in the commitment of many people at different levels, and directive task which is reflected in future actions and plans of the company. Therefore, it should be stated that all the actions directed at implementing strategic management and reflected in decisions making are supported by a number of issues which are really important in the modern business world. Each big company cannot function without strategic management and strategic decision making, therefore, these companies are unable to deal without the issues mentioned above, such as environment protection, mission creation, social responsibilities, and ethical behavior. Reference List Coca Cola FESMA sustainability report. (2011). Web. Wheelen, T. L. (2012). Concepts in Strategic Management and Business Policy. Oxford: Prentice Hall Inc. This critical writing on Concepts in Strategic Management and Business Policy was written and submitted by user Genevieve R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on A Rose For Emily And The Yellow Wallpaper

Compare and Contrast: A Rose for Emily and The Yellow Wallpaper William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† are two short stories both incorporate qualities of similarities and differences. Both of the short stories are about how and why a woman changed from loneliness to lunacy. These women are forced into solitude merely because of the era they are woman. Emily’s father rejects all of her prospective mates; the husband of Gilman’s narrator isolates her from stimulation of any kind. Eventually, Emily is a recluse trapped in a deprecated home, and the narrator in Gilman’s story is a delusional woman confined to her bedroom. These stories both entail numerous similarities in the characterization, setting, and symbolism. A major difference of these two short stories is the point of view they are written in. A Rose for Emily is written in third person and The Yellow Wallpaper, is in first person, which creates two extremely different outlook s. The women in Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" and Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper" are driven insane because they feel confined by the men in their lives. They retreat into their own respective worlds as an escape from reality, and finally rebel in the only ways they can find. Emily and 'John's wife,' the woman in "The Yellow Wallpaper" who is never named, both feel stifled and suppressed by the men in authority over them. Emily, as a "slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip†, is prevented from having suitors by her father, â€Å"none of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily and such†. The narrator of "The Yellow Wallpaper" talks much about how her husband, John â€Å"takes all care from me.† Although the directions he gave are to rest completely and not to pick up a pen. "John is a physician, and perhaps that is one r... Free Essays on A Rose For Emily And The Yellow Wallpaper Free Essays on A Rose For Emily And The Yellow Wallpaper Compare and Contrast: A Rose for Emily and The Yellow Wallpaper William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† are two short stories both incorporate qualities of similarities and differences. Both of the short stories are about how and why a woman changed from loneliness to lunacy. These women are forced into solitude merely because of the era they are woman. Emily’s father rejects all of her prospective mates; the husband of Gilman’s narrator isolates her from stimulation of any kind. Eventually, Emily is a recluse trapped in a deprecated home, and the narrator in Gilman’s story is a delusional woman confined to her bedroom. These stories both entail numerous similarities in the characterization, setting, and symbolism. A major difference of these two short stories is the point of view they are written in. A Rose for Emily is written in third person and The Yellow Wallpaper, is in first person, which creates two extremely different outloo ks. The women in Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" and Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper" are driven insane because they feel confined by the men in their lives. They retreat into their own respective worlds as an escape from reality, and finally rebel in the only ways they can find. Emily and 'John's wife,' the woman in "The Yellow Wallpaper" who is never named, both feel stifled and suppressed by the men in authority over them. Emily, as a "slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip†, is prevented from having suitors by her father, â€Å"none of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily and such†. The narrator of "The Yellow Wallpaper" talks much about how her husband, John â€Å"takes all care from me.† Although the directions he gave are to rest completely and not to pick up a pen. "John is a physician, and perhaps that is one r...

Film language elements of a movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film language elements of a movie - Essay Example On the contrary, Tom gets tired of Mamie and starts dating with the flamboyant Gwen. Tom surprises his mother by his wealth. His mother and straight forward brother, Mike, disapprove of his career choices. The battle of moral between the brothers culminates in a dinner table (Greatest Films, n.d.). Because Nathan, Tom, and Matt pursued lives full of crimes, they ended up dying out of crime. The mise-en-scene has been planned well. Tom brings a keg to celebrate Mike’s return from war. The beer displays Tom’s lifestyle. At dinner, Tom takes the head seat of the table, in his mother’s opposite direction. The mother has to hoist her neck in order to see her son beyond the keg. Cinematography has influenced the believability of the film. In the grapevine scene, Tom shocks his girlfriend by slapping her with the grapes. The development of the movie, including the episode where Tom places a keg of beer on the table and Mike getting infuriated by Tom’s display of illegally acquired wealth as he denounces him helps bring a clear picture of the cinema. Matt gets shot and dies in front of Tom in stakeout. Tom avenges his friend’s death by going to the opponents’ gang headquarters and opens fire. He overpowers them; however, he sustains injuries from gunshots and gets hospitalized. His mother jubilates upon hearing that her son has reformed and would join them. Later, Mike answers a door knock only to find Tom, murdered and buttressed up in the doorway (Bould 41). Other scenes include Tom and Matt appearing in expensive tailor made clothes and dancing with beautiful women after acquiring a lot of wealth through illegal business. Several outbu rsts of violence receive good production attention. They include the shooting of Putty Nose and the scene where Matt and Tom shoot the horse that fell killing Nathan, their crime boss. Sound has been used to bring various effects in the film. Both the human sounds, gunshots and music played in the film

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 5

Business Ethics - Essay Example However, the fact is that when she received a harassing message from a prospective employer on a professional networking site, she finally reached her tipping about online sexual harassment. A portion of the message read that â€Å"I think you are beautiful and I and interested to hear more about your modelling experience. Have you ever thought about being an executive assistant? I make a lot of money and travel to some amazing places. I would take good care of you. One question though, are you single?† Quite clearly, for a professional networking, which people used to build business connections, this message did not only cross the limit of acceptability but also creepiness. There are no doubts about the fact that sexual harassment (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2012, pg. 74) is a serious issue and that even before the advent and mass proliferation of social media, employers and managers had always been facing a difficult time in combating with ever increasing sexual harassme nt at workplace. Now that social networking sites have become an imperative aspect of the lives of people, it appears that they have provided a new medium and breeding ground for harassers (Trevino & Nelson, 2010, p. 42; Ferrell, et al., 2012, p. 74). This paper makes an attempt to understand the issue of sexual harassment as discussed in the article Casserly (2013) from the perspective of business ethics, provide recommendations for combating with this problem and identify its impact on the stakeholders. Discussion Dynamics of Sexual Harassment and Online Sexual Harassment Much of the online sexual harassment on is â€Å"quid pro-quo† in nature (Devettere, 2002, p. 467). Quid Pro-Quo refers to an arrangement of giving something in return for something else. In most cases, the victims are likely to receive a message from someone with a higher position, authority and influence with a dreamy but conditional offer; the condition being their willingness to provide sexual favours or entering into a sexual relationship with that person. The immorality of these messages is massively apparent as it coerces the subject into doing something that he or she would not have done in normal circumstances (Trevino & Nelson, 2010, p. 42; Ferrell, et al., 2012, p. 74). As mentioned earlier that the business ethics issue highlighted in this article is that of online sexual harassment as faced by Hatcher, the case in focus, and several other women highlighted in the article from LinkedIn, specifically and several other online networking sites as well. There are several definitions of sexual harassments. In fact, legislators, experts, researchers and policymakers from different parts of the world have taken different approaches to define sexual harassment. Furthermore, sexual harassment might take different forms but one singular, common and defining element of sexual harassment is when the victim feeling being excessively â€Å"uncomfortable†. This is exactly what ha ppened in the case of Hatcher, as argued in this article, that this invitation or message from Marcus was so disturbing and stressful for her that she no longer felt safe and comfortable regarding the same. Although, the data about the victims of sexual harassment (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2012, pg. 74) reveals that both the genders have been

Controversial Issue of Use of Cookies in Web Browsers Essay

Controversial Issue of Use of Cookies in Web Browsers - Essay Example Many internet sites have incorporated cookies in the search engines for various purposes. Usage of cookies is more prevalent in e-commerce sites, which depend on the activities and information of the customer to customize the search engine to the preferences of the customers. Cookies store small sections of program codes and memories that can be retrieved later. Use of cookies is always well-intended. However, there has been claims that site owners use cookies to track important information from the users. This is even more controversial considering that cookies operate discreetly without the knowledge of the user. Whether use of cookies is beneficial or risky to internet users has remained a controversial issue for a long time and therefore, this paper explores this controversy and ultimately supports that use of cookies is indeed beneficial to internet users. Proponents of use of cookies argue that use of cookies makes site browsing easier, more efficient and user-friendly. Accordi ng to Palmer â€Å"while e-commerce has grown rapidly in recent years, some of the practices associated with certain marketing aspects of marketing such as pop-ups, cookies and spam have raised concerns on the side of the internet users† (Palmer, 2005). For instance, e-commerce sites such as Amazon use cookies to keep track of user activities. User information is recorded and kept as cookies, site preferences are recorded as well as credit card and vital personal information. Users do not have to re-enter such information in subsequent site visits, therefore, making browsing easier and safer. However, it is possible for some sites to use such information unethically. For instance, site preference information can be used for advertisement purposes and not necessarily to benefit the site user.  

Ethnomusicology: Developments of Māori Music

Ethnomusicology: Developments of MÄ ori Music Music in Context A: Ethnomusicology Discuss some of the more recent social, cultural and technological developments that have informed studies in ethnomusicology Introduction For this essay I will be focusing on the MÄ ori people of New Zealand, and looking at the changes and developments in both their traditional music and that of their modern popular culture, much of which is adopted from American and European sources. I will include the work of several ethnomusicologists who have experience in the areas of MÄ ori music, modern New Zealand popular culture, and American rap music and its sphere of influence. The MÄ ori people Have had their own traditional songs since they first inhabited New Zealand. However, there have been changes to the cultural situation of the music and how it is received by both the white public and MÄ ori youth. In this essay I will focus on three points, the transcendence of MÄ ori traditional music, the changes made as a reaction to this and the influence of other modern genres and styles, specifically American rap, to discuss these changes and how they have informed ethnomusicology either positively or negatively. In doing so I hope to show that a vibrant musical continuum is working in New Zealand youth culture, informed by both their traditions and outside influences, and yet is making original new music because of this. Song loss and researching traditional music The MÄ ori have inhabited New Zealand since the 14th century when they arrived from other Pacific islands seeking new lands to migrate to and cultivate. It is hard for an ethnomusicologist to find or have found any songs surviving from the earliest parts of MÄ ori history, for several reasons. Firstly, as many MÄ ori songs are to do with traditions and practices, when those traditions or practices become obsolete or go out of use, then the songs will be lost with them.For example, when canoes started to be replaced with sail ships, all songs about canoeing were either lost, or modified to talk about sail ships instead. Secondly, because of superstitious beliefs, many songs have restricted performances, where only certain members of the tribe or community are allowed to attend and listen or join in. This also limits the number of MÄ ori who will learn theses songs, as they are taught purely by oral tradition. The teaching itself is a point of interest, as traditionally the folk songs of MÄ ori are taught in a very strict sense,as they are not meant to change organically or be re-interpreted, apart from if the community as a whole learns a new version in line with a new meaning, as with the canoe/sail ship example above. In most cases, the songs will be passed down through generations, preserved as accurately as possible, which would in fact make it easy for an ethnomusicologist to discover these antiques of folk song. However, these traditions were cut abruptly short by the intervention of European missionaries. The missionaries were accepted to a degree by MÄ ori curiosity, and arrived decades before the treaty of Waitangi in 1840,which signified the taking of New Zealand by the English under queen Victoria and the official surrender of the MÄ ori as a people (though conflict did continue for years). These missionaries took it upon themselves to educate the seemingly primitive MÄ ori tribes in every aspect of Christian and European ideals. This included their music, as the Europeans found their traditional folk chants ‘idolatrous, ‘indecent and even ‘lascivious.The missionaries set about their task quickly, so much so that by 1830, a letter sent from a missionary to his brother-in-law at home in England read; Quietness and good order has succeeded to their native wildness; we never hear anything of their songs or dances. In place of their traditional music, the missionaries taught them hymns and church music. In doing so, they also taught the rudiments of western music theory, which they encouraged the MÄ ori to adopt as their new musical language. This meant that many new MÄ ori songs were created, using traditional words and stories, but with diatonic harmonies that made them listenable and distinguishable to a European ear.Though this was widely acknowledged and followed through to the MÄ oris own teaching, some traditional songs were kept hidden and secreted in both MÄ ori text collections and those of curious westerners. One such was John McGregor, a guard of captured MÄ ori warriors held in a beached hulk at Auckland harbour. John ‘collected and later published a large number of songs written down by the captives.He could be said to have been one of the first to research and record MÄ ori traditional music, yet this white interest in the music did not start to reappear until t he twentieth century. This change occurred on a grand scale over the next century, and to this day MÄ ori music is seen as synonymous with hymns and European-based melodies. This view has been widely held by the white general public for all of the twentieth century, though many MÄ ori know it not to be entirely accurate. Ethnomusicologist Mervyn Mclean stated that among the public at large, however, such songs are a mostly hidden tradition.A revival of the MÄ ori culture began in the 1960s, dubbed the MÄ ori renaissance,and with it came both the technology and the motivation to record and preserve the traditional songs that were left among the populace. This made the job of collecting and studying MÄ ori music a lot easier for ethnomusicologists, as up until this utilisation of new recording technology, they had been hard pressed to source singers and songs out. Mclean mentions that ‘preparations for fieldwork took an inordinate amount of timein the late 1950s, and mentions that without th e huge advantage of meeting several willing MÄ ori Elders I would not have had the resources to survive in the field. Changes and modern learning The traditional MÄ ori song forms, as well as being non-diatonic as previously stated, were in fact completely incompatible with western tonal language. Though the melodies sung could be transcribed into musical notation, they were not in a fixed time signature or particular key as we would understand it. The lack of harmonic movement mystified witnesses to performances in the nineteenth century, as the MÄ ori music relied more on repetition, both rhythmic and harmonic, and different performance approaches by different singers, for the colour and variety in their music.

Embracing Higher Education :: College School Essays

Embracing Higher Education Universities are institutions where people can go and receive a higher richer education. Anyone whether young or old, female or male, immigrant or national born can earn a college degree. A formal education can be obtained with desire, demand, and craving to do so. The World Book Encyclopedia defines Universities and Colleges as schools where one continues an education after high school. According to the World Book Encyclopedia â€Å"a university or college education helps men and women enjoy richer, more meaningful lives†. If something can give a person a â€Å"richer, more meaningful† life, then why isn’t everyone running, jumping and rushing to get what the universities and colleges are giving? Each person has a different reason, but for most the reasons are the same repeating over and over again. â€Å"I do not want to go to college.† â€Å"I can not afford to go to college.† â€Å"I am to old to go to college.† The path to a college or a university is not the way for everyone. The ones who say, â€Å"I don’t want to go to college† have legitimate reasons for not attending an institution for higher education. A person can still lead a happy successful life without obtaining a degree. Not only can someone lead a happy life without a college degree, but they may also be educated. Gaining a higher education from a university or college is not the only way to â€Å"enjoy a richer, more meaningful† life. Many who have not obtained a college degree, are still successful, happy, and fulfilled individuals. Receiving a piece of paper, a degree from a university, does not guarantee a person anything, but a degree can be a great boost to say the least. A degree doesn’t automatically give anyone happiness, success, money, or a job, but it can help a person obtain their goals and much more. In Jon Spayde’s essay â€Å"Learning In the Key of Life† he says that education is gained through first-hand experiences. Spayde explains his definition of education as â€Å"an education carpentered out of the best combination we can make of school, salon, reading, online exploration, walking the streets, hiking in the woods, museums, poetry classes at the Y, and friendship† (62). Anything and everything, which we come in contact with or which comes in contact with us, becomes background that can be classified as an educational experience.